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Some industrial and commercial buildings could reach heights of over sixty stories. Apparently, while these buildings are being constructed, they require equally tall cranes to move the supplies to the higher floors. There are cranes that are operated from the back of trucks or other types which have their own vehicle attached. Tower cranes are the biggest types on the market.
Tower cranes are stand-alone structures found as part of a major city's downtown skyline on high-rise building projects. Wherever new construction like skyscrapers or apartment buildings and commercial facilities like shopping center are being built, chances are a crane would be on site.
Types
The two key types of cranes could be differentiated by the manner in which their boom or jib raises materials. The jib is the metal frame which extends from the main section. On a flat tower crane, the jib remains horizontal when it carries items. On a luffing type of tower crane, the jib can ratchet to downward or upward angles. The lifting capacity for both types could vary from thirty thousand pounds to 10,000 pounds
Body
The body of the crane is composed of a mast. This is a vertical steel frame that is a combination of individual parts. In order to increase the overall height of the equipment, sections are added. The mast extends upward to wherever the desired height is, to the control module, that is a small room that has glass windows on all four sides or to the tower as it is also referred to. The crane driver works from inside of the tower.
Lift
To raise supplies, the crane uses a braided metal cord. The cord extends all the way to the end of the boom or jib from a motor situated near the control module. There is a pulley system located at the end of the jib, through which the cord is positioned and lowered down. The jib which holds the cord becomes balanced by a counter jib located on the tower's opposite side. The counter jib has weights. These weights help to prevent the crane from toppling over when heavy materials are carried.
The hydraulic truck crane is a specific mobile crane which utilizes hydraulic power to lift and transport thousands of pounds. Hydraulics uses forces being transmitted through oil pushing on the boom's pistons in opposite directions so as to lift thousands of pounds. Hydraulic truck cranes are very important in constructing major projects such as airports, bridges, streets and buildings. A crane could accomplish in minutes tasks which would normally take hundreds of men and a lot of hours to accomplish.
These impressive machinery have played a vital role in building houses, cities, individual buildings and entire nations throughout the ages. Even the Great Pyramids within Egypt were probably built utilizing basic cranes to enable the heaviest supplies in one of the most remarkable construction projects of all time.
The first cranes were established during 3000 B.C. Egypt in King Ramses'' reign. This lifting mechanism was originally used to collect water. The very first official "cranes" appeared in Ancient Greece. These devices were utilized to create an entire country in the 5th century B.C.
These cranes were originally made out of wood. The designs of cranes began to change when dockyards began to require stronger and bigger machines. Hick & Rothwell designed the very first cast iron cranes in eighteen thirty four, in Bolton, England. This machine could lift up to 2 tons. That very same year, the addition of wire rope was added to the crane by an Official of the German Superior Board, Herr Albert Sr. The wire rope made the crane more durable and stronger. This addition allowed cranes to have a larger capacity for lifting heavy weights.
Ultimately, the wire ropes were weaved together in order to form an even more powerful strength. This wire formation also brought the added advantage of flexibility. Germany began to make cast iron cranes 4 years later. The first cast iron crane built by Germany was made within Neuburg.
